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The rule could be applied to a single HTML, HTML For this reason, while XML was originally designed for use as a more sophisticated document representation language to supplant HTML on the Web this particular aspect of XML (the creation and application of vocabularies) has been slow to take off, for a number of reasons: To date only internet Explorer 5 supports the use of XML within the browser but it does so inconsistently with the standards. To create a full document description language, you need to be able to break a document in abstract into multiple logical units this is often a more difficult undertaking when working with document than dealing with well-defined data.

There is typically more than one mapping of a document that’s appropriate for the situation and resolving what makes up the best such mapping can typically be a time-consuming and a frequently politically perilous occupation. Documents are more likely to have a requirement for a consistent display and because of the sheer scope of such documents this can mean creating highly complex display mechanisms. When XML itself was in development, most of the working group responsible for creating XML came from a background in SGML in SGML a technology that is highly geared toward document creation and management so it is neither surprising that much of the early focus on XML concentrated on XML document aspect (especially as a replacement for HTML) nor surprising at least in retrospect that this usage of XML has yet to really take off.

For the record document-based XML is usually referred to as being loosely structured; elements typically can be placed in nearly and order text can mix freely with elements within container elements and elements can usually have fairly complex sets of attributes with many of the attribute values defaulted. In SGML the relationship between the elements is defined in a separate document called a document type definition which XML also supports. However in the future DTDs will almost certainly be deprecated in favor of XML schemas. (See the “XML as a Data Format” section later in this chapter of details.)
Perhaps the best example to demonstrate a document-centric approach is XHTML which is an XML-complaint version of HTML. With XHTML you have the mixed benefits of being able to parse the structure as an XML document (scanning for heads and subheads for example) while still being able to read it in a Web browser. XML as a Document Management Format. I want to make a distinction here between document formats and document management formats. Document management formats are very closely allied to the other current rages in computing circle these days’ directories.

While the conventional example of a directory is something like a phone book, I personally have had more than my share of problems with this description. In computer circles a directory is essentially a hierarchical structure that can be queried to retrieve information about a computer system the file structure on a network drive, user information and so forth.

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HTML: HTML is a language defined as an application of Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML). It is a markup language used to create web pages conforming to internet protocol standards. HTML allows producing web documents which can display text, images, etc. Language is very flexible in nature but code becomes very complex due to this flexibility. The very last version of this language was HTML 4.01.

XML: XML is also a subset of SGML language however this is much more restrictive in nature. This provides a set of rules following which the program/code becomes much simple, general, usable and understandable.

Now let’s continue understanding what XHTML is

XHTML is the stricter and cleaner form of HTML and is very much identical to HTML 4.01. XHTML is responsible for the structure of the web pages whereas presentation is handled by CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). The first version of it is known as XHTML 1.0. It used the existing three document types of HTML and reformulated them as applications of XML.

XHTML is the recommendation of W3C (Worldwide Web Consortium), an organisation to make and maintain standards for the Internet and its associated technologies. XHTML brought the following benefits to the web industry:

Web pages becomes interoperable and compatible with all kind of browsers and devices
Web pages are written clean and easily understandable
Web pages are more easy to edit, maintain and convert

Web developers and web browser designers are constantly discovering new ways to express their ideas through new markup languages. In XML, it is relatively easy to introduce new elements or additional element attributes. The XHTML family is designed to accommodate these extensions through XHTML modules and techniques for developing new XHTML-conforming modules. These modules will permit the combination of existing and new feature sets when developing content and when designing new user agents.

What restrictions does this apply to code?

XHTML document must have a DOCTYPE declaration at the top of the document
XHTML documents must have only one root element
XHTML elements must be properly nested
XHTML elements must always be closed
XHTML elements must all be in lowercase
XHTML tags attribute names must be in lower case
XHTML tags attribute values must be quoted
XHTML tags attribute minimization is forbidden

This is all for understanding basics of XHTML responsible for creating structure of the web pages. The CSS which is basically responsible for the handling of the presentations of the web pages should come next in our articles base. Please visit back soon.

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On January 26, 2000, HTML 4 has been reformulated into XHTML 1.0 by the World Wide Web Consortium. XHTML stands for Extensible Hyper Text Markup Language.The development of HTML has basically stopped because it was replaced by a new language, called XHTML. This language is in many ways similar to HTML, but it is designed to work with the new extensible Markup Language, or XML, that will soon serve as the core language for designing all sorts of new Web applications, in which XHTML will be only one of many “languages.” But, XHTML is designed to work with these other language, so that different documents, in different languages, can be simply mixed together.
XHTML (extensible Hypertext Markup Language) is a family of XML markup languages that represent versions of the widely-used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are written.
XHTML has a more strict syntax rules in comparison of HTML. XHTML gives you a more consistent, well structured format so that your web pages can be easily parsed and processed by present and future web browsers. It also makes your website easier to maintain, edit, convert and format in the long run.
Since XHTML is an official standard of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), your website will more likely will be more compatible to more browsers and will be rendered more accurately. XHTML combines strength of HTML and XML and XHTML pages can be rendered by all XML enabled devices.
XHTML defines a quality standard for your Webpages, if you follows that then your web pages will be counted quality web pages and W3C certifies those pages with their quality stamp.

There are two main parts to XHTML:
• HTML 4
HTML 4 is a markup language used for displaying text and documents across different platforms and machines. It was initially anticipated for a very specific audience, and has expanded to include hypertext, multimedia, as well as the style of the documents displayed.
• XML
XML is an extensible markup language that was developed to retain the flexibility and power of HTML while reducing most of the complexity. XML is a markup language much like HTML and was designed to describe data. XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags according to your needs
Extensible Markup Language (also known as XML) is a set of rules. These rules are specific for documents encoding electronically. The main objective of it is to emphasize simplicity, generality and usability over the internet. It is noted as a textual data format that has support from Unicode to be easily read across all languages. Unicode is encoded into bytes in order to be stored or transmitted – these translated Unicode expressions are known as encoding. It provides a mechanism that allows an XML processor to determine which encoding is in use. Though the main objective of the XML design is to focus on documents specifically, it is often also used in order to represent arbitrary data structures (web services, for instance). There are also a variety of schema systems that are designed specifically for helping to define XML based languages.
This is simply a means to aid XHTML in extending its scope into other eminent platforms (mobile devices and web enabled television, for instance).

Firstly, there are some rules for writing code(syntax differences) in HTML and XHTML are as follows:
1.In XHTML all tag and attribute names must be in lowercase while HTML is not case sensitive.
2.”Empty” tags must be written with an extra slash at the end. An empty tag is one like
.In XHTML,
3.In HTML, you could sometimes leave off an end tag while in XHTML, you must always put in the end tag.
4.In XHTML attributes must always have a value while in HTML you can sometimes omit attribute values.
5.In XHTML attributes values must always be quoted while in HTML you can sometimes omit the quotes.

Secondly, in contrast to these syntactical differences which are minor, there are some behavioral differences. For example:
• Most prominently, behavior on parse errors differs. A fatal parse error in XML (such as an incorrect tag structure) causes document processing to be aborted (a “yellow screen of death”).
• Most content requiring namespaces will not work in HTML, except the built-in support for SVG and MathML in the HTML5 parser along with certain magic prefixes such as xlink.
• JavaScript processing is a little different, with minor changes in case sensitivity to some functions, and further precautions in XHTML to restrict processing well-formed to well-formed content. Third-party scripts, such as sidebars proving live feeds or Google’s “web clips”, often rely on the [removed]() method, which is not available in XHTML pages so the scripts fail on pages served as XHTML (that is, using an XML MIME type). The inner-HTML property is available on XML pages, but uses the same XML parser as the whole page, so will not insert content if a non-well-formed string is passed. More positively, inner-HTML in XHTML can be used to insert namespace content to the page.
• CSS is also applied slightly differently, with case-sensitivity and some differences in handling of backgrounds on and in XHTML.

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Basic HTML Tags description

These are the tags required in every Web page. (Note: some are not technically required by the HTML specification, but some browsers will not render correctly without them, so it is always better to leave them in than out – the space you save is not worth the problems you might cause.)

The DOCTYPE element is not really an XHTML element, but rather an identifier for the page. In order to create a valid XHTML document, you need to include the DOCTYPE. The DOCTYPE references a DTD, and there are three DTDs you can use:

This is the strict DTD, I wouldn’t recommend using this DOCTYPE unless you plan to be very careful with your XHTML

This is the transitional DTD; it is the best one to use for most Web sites

This is the frameset DTD; if you’re going to put up a framed page, you should use this DTD

The first tag that any Web page must have is the tag. It tells the browser that the following text will be marked up in HTML format, and not some other format such as straight text, SGML, or XML. The closing tag is required and is the last tag in your document.

The tag is used to define information for the browser that may or may not be displayed to the user.

A sample Web page would look like this:

<br /> This is the title of the page.<br />

The body text goes here.

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To launch a website in web browsers, it is required to convert the static PSD based design files into a suitable markup. This helps to create dynamic web pages that can be launched in a browser. With the help of PSD to XHTML  conversion you get a dynamic and professional website. The XHTML files have the .XML extension and are formatted according to format. The design files in PSD format can be edited and converted into a suitable mark up. With the emergence of XHTML, PSD to HTML conversion has become quite easy.

With PSD to XHTML conversion it is possible to create a website of any type. It incorporates a lot of useful features in a website. It makes the files compatible with all other file formats. This conversion also offers a lot of benefits. One of the biggest benefits of this conversion is W3C validation. W3C or the World Wide Web Consortium provides guidelines for developing a well structured and error free website. This validation ensures that a website functions smoothly without any glitches.

Another important feature provided by this conversion is cross browser compatibility. A website is of no use if it is not accessible to all the users. People use different browsers everywhere. Some of the major browsers are IE, Firefox, Safari, Opera, chrome etc. For a site to be successful, it is necessary that is accessible via all these popular web browsers.

This conversion also provides semantic coding. With semantic coding, you can rest assured that all the components of a site are at their right places and that the final result is as good as the original PSD design. It also provides pixel perfect conversion. A pixel perfect conversion ensures that the look and feel of a site is same across different platforms. All these features ensure that a website functions well.

To convert PSD to XHTML, one needs to have a thorough knowledge of coding and various technologies. It is a complex process and requires proper skills and acumen. Even a small error can mess up the whole project. Therefore, it is in your best interest to hire only a professional and reliable conversion service. Always check the credibility of a company before hiring. You can do so by checking the company’s name in Google. Make sure that they provide quality conversion and do not make use of automated tools for the conversion. It will ensure best results for you.

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